The e-Power system utilizes an on-board gasoline engine to provide electrical energy to the e-powertrain battery pack. Nissan’s latest approach to engine development has raised the bar to world-leading levels, accelerating past the current auto industry average range of 40 percent thermal efficiency, making it possible to even further reduce vehicle CO2 emissions.

Conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles demand power and performance from an engine under a wide range of speeds (RPMs) and loads. This fundamental requirement means conventional engines cannot perform at their optimal efficiency at all times.

However, Nissan’s e-Power system utilizes an on-board engine as a dedicated electricity generator for the system’s e-powertrain. Operation of the engine is limited to its most efficient range, appropriately managing the engine's electricity generation and the amount of electricity stored in the battery.

With this dedicated approach, and the evolution of battery technology and energy management techniques, Nissan has been able to improve thermal efficiency beyond current levels.

To achieve 50 percent thermal efficiency, Nissan developed a concept called “STARC”, named after the key words strong, tumble, and appropriately stretched robust ignition channel. The concept enables improvement of thermal efficiency by strengthening in-cylinder gas flow (the flow of the air-fuel mixture that is pulled into the cylinder) and ignition, reliably burning a more diluted air-fuel mixture at a high compression ratio.

In a conventional engine, there are restrictions on controlling the air-fuel mixture's dilution level to respond to changing driving loads, with several trade-offs between various operating conditions, such as in-cylinder gas flow, ignition method, and compression ratio which can sacrifice efficiency for power output.

However, a dedicated engine running at an optimal range of speed and load for electrical generation makes it possible to dramatically improve thermal efficiency.

In internal testing, Nissan achieved a thermal efficiency of 43 percent when using the EGR dilution method and of 46 percent when using lean combustion with a multi-cylinder engine. A level of 50 percent was achieved by operating the engine at a fixed RPM and load combined with waste heat recovery technologies.

The Nissan e-Power was first introduced in Japan in 2016 with the Nissan Note. At its core is the same 100 percent. Unlike a conventional hybrid system, e-Power enables exclusive use of the on-board engine for electrical generation by separating the engine's output and the driving force at the wheels.

In late December 2020, Nissan launched the all-new Note in the Japan market. The all-new Note comes exclusively with e-Power and has already gained over 20,000 orders.