So far, Green NCAP rates cars only on tailpipe emissions, so electric cars—which emit no tailpipe gases—have a head-start. In 2022, Green NCAP will base its assessment of greenhouse gases emissions on a well-to-wheel analysis, meaning that the environmental impact which went into the production of the energy source will also be included. This will give a better indication of the true environmental footprint of cars to consumers, especially for electric vehicles.

Alex Damyanov, incoming Technical Manager for Green NCAP explains, “Looking only at tailpipe emissions flatters all-electric vehicles by ignoring the energy consumed in producing the electricity they use. We know that, and we are working to refine our rating scheme to reflect that fact. Next year, we plan to also provide consumers with a total life-cycle analysis (LCA) which will allow them to see for themselves which car offers the cleanest mode of transport, depending on the use they make of the car, where their electricity comes from, where the vehicle is produced and how it is ultimately salvaged.”

This news comes as Nissan and Lexus take full advantage of the current testing protocols to reach a maximum 5-star rating based on combined performance in clean air, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy efficiency.

While the Nissan LEAF and Lexus UX 300e both scored perfect, two plug-in hybrids—the Renault Captur E-Tech and the Volkswagen Golf 8 GTE were awarded three and a half stars, while the Audi A3 Sportback 35 TDI, a diesel-powered car, scored three stars.